Expertise in products with complex mechanisms
Our expertise is organised around actual mechanisms, with particular focus on microcurrent, ultrasound, ion-air, radiofrequency, and other products that are difficult to distinguish at the medical/non-medical boundary.
Radiofrequency Beauty Devices
Address the relationship among RF output, skin temperature rise, mechanism, use setting and medical-style claims.
- Frequency and waveform
- Output power and energy
- Skin temperature rise and depth of action
- Boundaries for delivery, tightening and treatment
Microcurrent and EMS Devices
Align product parameters and intended purpose for microcurrent, pulsed-current, muscle-stimulation and skin-care applications.
- Current and voltage
- Frequency and pulse waveform
- Electrode contact method
- Boundary between muscle stimulation and treatment
Ultrasound and Beauty-delivery Devices
Address product-definition issues involving ultrasound frequency, intensity, coupling media, delivery purposes and tissue effects.
- Ultrasound frequency and intensity
- Cavitation and thermal effects
- Coupling media
- Evidence for delivery claims
Light-based Beauty Devices
Address energy, temperature rise, skin response and intended-purpose boundaries for LED, broad-spectrum and other light-based beauty devices.
- Wavelength and spectrum
- Energy density
- Exposure distance and duration
- Skin safety and claim boundaries
Electroporation and Pneumatic-delivery Devices
Assess the actual action and regulatory pathway of delivery devices using electrical pulses, pneumatic jets, consumable liquids and skin contact.
- Electrical-pulse or pneumatic parameters
- Skin integrity
- Liquids and consumables
- Evidence of non-invasiveness
Combination Beauty Devices
Systematically assess multifunction devices combining RF, microcurrent, ultrasound, light, heating/cooling, vacuum and vibration.
- Principal mechanism
- Independent or linked functions
- Worst-case parameter combinations
- Overall intended purpose